Urban Planning Urban Design

Urban Planning Urban Design Urban Planning Urban Design Unique The impact of over abuse of nature assets by human and furthermore absence of attention to great arranging and structure in the urban areas makes numerous issues numerous urban communities on the planet. That is the reason it was essential to have great arranging framework in the city and furthermore to try the arranging with the structure of the city itself. Urban arranging is a blend of arranging in physical (like streets, maps and land use plan) yet in addition it is managing nonphysical arranging like guideline, approaches in the city or territorial levels. Besides urban plans are additionally concentrating on the specialty of making places; this incorporates the manner in which spots work and matters, for example, network wellbeing. The combination between these two fields is that urban organizers are additionally concentrating on the capacity of the city overall, and the urban fashioners will attempt to decipher it in the structure of the city. One of the principle components in urban arranging and urban structure is green open space. The last is the locale or ground surface region which is ruled by plants that are elevated to a specific living space assurance capacities. Green open space has numerous different capacities which fluctuate from social, efficient and natural viewpoints. One of the better approaches to improve the green open space and save it is by executing savvy development. The last is one of the investigates that have been led in USA to move toward a supportable advancement in America. These explores have delivered ten standards of effective network from all aspects of the world. The standards in brilliant development are viewed as genuine guides to be additionally actualized in different nations. Moreover, the utilization of the shrewd development standards needs to confine these standards with respect to the nation condition, culture and enactment. When all is said in done, the comprehension of the qualities of various sorts of open spaces in a urban and provincial network may manage specialists (neighborhood and nation) in the drawn out arranging process. The evaluation of progress in green open space framework is similarly critical to take quantifies in keeping up bearable nations and urban areas. Likewise arranging and planning for a green open space are significant in advancing the advancement of any nation. URBAN PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN (Green open space) Since the presence of mankind, arranging was among the primary issues to manage; this is so in light of the fact that arranging encourages him to compose his exercises and to foresee his future. It is based on this that urban communities have additionally been placed into account in arranging. Be that as it may, as the human culture is growing up, this improvement is carrying a few issues to our earth since there is over misuse of the world assets. Because of this over misuse of the earth, common assets; and other mal-human exercises (financial, for example, contamination and waste issues, lose of natures protection, biodiversity, environment and green combined with the rise and risks of environmental change, a worldwide temperature alteration and its negative ramifications on living quality as of late and in future to the entire world, there is a developing enthusiasm for manageability, maintainable turn of events and its joining into plans of various types. Notwithstanding this issues of a worldwide temperature alteration, investigates have demonstrated that green open space can be one of the arrangements of that issue. Green open space has impact on microclimates. Trees and planting can bring about the decrease of pinnacle summer temperatures by up to 5â ° Celsius. In this way, trees can be remembered for the Citys road scene structures at every possible opportunity, to give shade and cooling and therefore decrease an unnatural weather change (City of London, 2009). Basing on the above stated, we discovered critical to talk about urban structure and urban arranging: Green Open Space. Association BETWEEN URBAN PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN As indicated by Peter Hall, 2002, the action word ‘to plan and the thing ‘planning and organizer, have in reality just the subsequent general gathering of implications: they do allude to the specialty of drawing up a physical arrangement or configuration on paper. They can mean either ‘either ‘to organize the pieces of or ‘to understand the accomplishment of ‘or all the more enigmatically, to ‘intend. The most well-known importance of arranging includes both the initial two of these components; arranging is worried about intentionally accomplishing a few destinations and it continues by gathering activities into some efficient grouping. It is based on this that Gallion and Eisner, 1993, characterized urban arranging as an endeavor to make a deliberate advancement in urban territories and diminish social clashes and financial conditions that would jeopardize the lives and property. Then again, urban structure is about how to recover sure of the (characteristics which we experience just as those we see) that we partner with the conventional city: a feeling of request, spot, and progression, lavishness of experience, fulfillment and having a place. Urban structure lies somewhere close to the expansive brush deliberations of arranging and the solid points of interest of design. (Cowan, 1997). As should be obvious it through the definitions, there are a few similitudes and contrasts between these two subjects. However, the above definition can be summed up as follows (see the table beneath): From this table, urban arranging has a job to ensure that a city is working and working admirably that is the reason urban and provincial arranging is concentrating on different issues, for example, practical, social and natural issues while, urban plan is additionally concentrating on aesthetical qualities like feeling of spot, building character, person on foot structure and structure of open space. Moreover, once in a while urban organizers can turn out to be smaller scale like urban fashioners. They can make a few structures of the urban areas which is the fundamental assignment of urban fashioners. In vengeance urban fashioners can make arrangements for approaches and rules. Since urban arranging and urban plan are extremely wide, we discovered critical to talk about green open space as a center point. GREEN OPEN SPACE Green Open Space is the district or ground surface zone which is overwhelmed by plants that are elevated to a specific living space assurance capacities, and/or offices neighborhood/city, and/or organize security foundation, and/or horticultural development. (Directorate General of Spatial Planning, Indonesia Ministry of Public Works, 2007). These days, the idea open space in complex grid isn't constrained distinctly to the urban park and jam yet in addition non park-non common spots. Open spaces, for example, lanes, school yards, outside game edifices, graveyards, and open squares are significant green open spaces (Hall, 1998). Why plan and structure for green open space? The way toward getting everybody together to consider network needs is beneficial undertaking in itself. A urban open space plan is considerably more than a land procurement plan. It can make a wide assortment of suggestions about the eventual fate of a nation. In this way, we need to get ready for a green open space in light of the fact that:  · A green open space plan is the other side of an improvement plan. In the wake of recognizing significant green open spaces, it will be considerably more clear where advancement ought to happen.  · It suggests land use guidelines that will assist with shielding the network from uneconomic and wasteful spread. (Division of Environmental Conservation , California, 2004) It is therefore that it is fundamental for urban organizers to decide the capacity of green open space so as to expand its worth, (for example, water preservation, wetland territory, city lungs). At the point when you talk regarding why plan and structure for green open space, it is basic to take a gander at the size and levels of green open space. Green Open Space (size and level) It exists two kinds of green open space: country open space and urban open space. Country open space is made of living space, entertainment, wellbeing/security (flooding/seismic), horticulture/rangelands, waterway and stream expressways while urban open space is comprised by amusement, trails and turnpikes, stream and trench passages, regular assets and open space (Department of Environmental Conservation, California, 2004). Be that as it may, it is too hard to even consider determining a universal size of green open space by various levels in light of the fact that each nation has its strategies, own physical qualities and culture however we have a model from United Kingdom which can be a best practice. The United Kingdom Accessible Natural Green Space Standard (ANGS) referenced that:  · No individual should live in excess of 300 m from their closest zone of normal green space of at any rate two (2) hectares in size;  · There is arrangement of in any event two (2) hectares of Local Nature Reserve per 1,000 populace;  · That there ought to be in any event one open 20 ha site inside two (2) km from home  · That there should be one available 100 ha site inside five (5) km;  · That there should be one open 500 ha site inside (10) km. We can not just talk about the size and levels of green open space in urban arranging and urban structure, we need additionally to perceive the elements of green open space in light of the fact that the last are constantly gotten ready for specific purposes. Capacity of Green open space Green open spaces are crucial piece of scenes with its own particular arrangement of capacity. Open spaces (normal or artificial) add to the personal satisfaction from various perspectives (Burke and Ewan, 1999). Close to significant ecological advantages, (for example, improvement of the nature of air, soil and water, diminishing of clamor levels, decrease of warm sufficiency varieties, insurance against the breezes, squander Management, improvement of the penetration and seepage of tempest water, decrease of flood hazards), these zones offer social mental types of assistance, (for example, Recreation and Leisure, Increasing physical and Psychological prosperity, Sociability) which are basic for the decency of the city and prosperity of urbanites (Chiesura, 2004). Thompson

Education and its Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Training and its Methods - Assignment Example This paper will take a gander at the distinctions in the taking in procedures from a week ago. A humanist methodology that considers just the capability of the individual all in all may on occasion be deluding and inconvenient to the procedure of advancement of a youngster. In principle, each feature of the youngster experiences a change while a humanist model of training is trailed by the instructors or the teachers (Smith, 2003). Nonetheless, this isn't correct. That is, it may not follow while the hypothesis is being converted into training. This may prompt issues whereby a part of a youngster that necessities particular consideration is kept separate from the procedure of instruction or isn't given satisfactory consideration. Humanist training is additionally difficult to execute at a strategic level. In underdeveloped nations and even on certain first world nations, it is absurd to expect to suit numerous youngsters inside a system that gives a totally humanist type of training. Subsequently, it is important to temper any type of instruction that is taken with the positives of the others. In this specific situation, it might be a smart thought to depict a couple of subtleties of the cognitivist school of learning hypothesis. As per scholars who have faith in the intensity of this type of learning, it is critical to create in students the capacities to structure their own brain in such a way, that it would be simpler for them to comprehend the new occasions and realities that are given to them. In a specific course of time, they will achieve the vital capacities to see new realities all alone. This method of learning relies upon introducing in an individual the mechanical assembly for additional learning (Mergel, 1998). A joining of these frameworks may prompt intricacies whereby the best in both may not be used and the negatives of both might be taught in it. There may, be that as it may, on the more brilliant side, likewise build up a framework that has t he positives of both. This framework might have the option to give specific regard for the issue of kids and furthermore build up their specific abilities while additionally creating them all in all. While giving kids only hypothetical models that don't communicate, one risks missing out on spurring the kid. Setting the kid inside a framework where there is no adjustment in the states of learning may prompt the kid not feeling a feeling of aspiration which is fundamental for the improvement of a mentality that is helpful for the gathering of realities. Persuading a kid to make such an attitude is incredibly fundamental for their further turn of events. This advancement needs to have a strong premise and this can continue from a comprehension of one’s qualities and shortcomings, the two of which may then be evaluated by the cognitivist and the humanist schools of learning hypothesis. This can then likewise be attached to the part of self-guideline that should be a piece of the training of a youngster. This guideline can continue from a comprehension of one’s gifts and needs when confronted with the world. This needs a comprehension of the world and one’s situation in it and furthermore information on one’s gifts that might be put at the administration of the world. This would then be able to be utilized for a guideline of the way in which training is led. The organic bases of learning and memory additionally should be considered while taking a gander at techniques for conferring training to kids. The age of the

City Life vs Country Life

Today the city life is increasingly distressing, constantly, anyway the individuals who were brought up in the nation are going to the city, yet which is better? It rely upon the preferences and necessities of that specific individual, the person may just be in the city since they can discover considerably more amusement and offices. In the mean time the country?s advantage comprises on the quiet and unwinding that it offers to us. For this and more reasons these two spots are totally extraordinary. To begin the contrast between these two spots is the nature. In the nation everything is normal; there are not really any structures, up to now making it hard to crush the environment and contaminate the pleasant sumptuous air. In the city then again, it is hard to see a ton if any trees or a timberland region, a reality is that we can see a great deal of structures, smear, and contaminations. Thus, common zones are diminished, something that truly influences our biological system, in the most frightful way. I’d take the nation in this point quickly and twice on Sunday. Another distinction is the separation between places. In the nation individuals are accustomed to strolling to go here and there over significant distance, which is acceptable in light of the fact that it is an extraordinary sound advantage, likewise in the nation roads turned parking lots don't exist. So in the event that you needed to drive anyplace it’ll take you 30 minutes rather than the 3 hours in the city. As a result of the 5:00 busy time in the city, wherein as I would see it isn't amusing to be in trust me I’ve had a considerable amount of them. Again the nation takes the cake. The following distinction is the way of life. In the nation, individuals can have a more beneficial way of life. Due to the cultivating, and there is an extremely quiet spot and individuals have all the more loosening up circumstances. Anyway in the city individuals are consistently in a rush hurrying here and there. No one has whenever to do anything any longer. All things considered any of these alternatives to live can be the best as per individuals' arrangements; likewise it relies upon the thoughts and occupations of everybody. On the off chance that they need to unwind and let torment simply liquefy away the nation is the best approach. Be that as it may, on the off chance that they incline toward a busier timetable and more assortment on amusement, the city regardless of how wrecked it is the thing for you. City Life versus Country Life Today the city life is increasingly upsetting, constantly, anyway the individuals who were brought up in the nation are going to the city, however which is better? It rely upon the preferences and necessities of that specific individual, the individual in question may just be in the city since they can discover considerably more amusement and offices. In the mean time the country?s advantage comprises on the quiet and unwinding that it offers to us. For this and more reasons these two spots are totally extraordinary. To begin the contrast between these two spots is the nature. In the nation everything is normal; there are not really any structures, up to now making it hard to wreck the biological system and dirty the decent extravagant air. In the city then again, it is hard to see a great deal if any trees or a woodland zone, a reality is that we can see a ton of structures, smirch, and contaminations. Accordingly, normal zones are diminished, something that truly influences our biological system, in the most abominable way. I’d take the nation in this point quickly and twice on Sunday. Another distinction is the separation between places. In the nation individuals are accustomed to strolling to go all around over significant distance, which is acceptable on the grounds that it is an incredible solid advantage, likewise in the nation congested driving conditions don't exist. So on the off chance that you needed to drive anyplace it’ll take you 30 minutes rather than the 3 hours in the city. In view of the 5:00 busy time in the city, in which as I would like to think isn't amusing to be in trust me I’ve had a considerable amount of them. Again the nation takes the cake. The following distinction is the way of life. In the nation, individuals can have a more beneficial way of life. On account of the cultivating, and there is an extremely quiet spot and individuals have all the more loosening up circumstances. Anyway in the city individuals are consistently in a rush hurrying here and there. No one has whenever to do anything any longer. By the by any of these alternatives to live can be the best as per individuals' arrangements; likewise it relies upon the thoughts and employments of everybody. On the off chance that they need to unwind and let torment simply liquefy away the nation is the best approach. In any case, on the off chance that they favor a busier calendar and more assortment on diversion, the city regardless of how wrecked it is the thing for you.

Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Coursework Example Impartial appropriation of salary Protecting their economy’s condition The request for significance of the destinations fluctuates for various economies because of their various governments and organizations. Most economies would consider swelling as the most significant target where as different economies with a progressively communist methodology would concentrate on impartial appropriation of pay and decreasing joblessness. One of the contentions governments may confront is the tradeoff between expansion, business and GDP development. At the point when joblessness will in general fall in a monetary lift and a solid GDP, the economy may confront high expansion rates, both interest pull and cost-push and the influence of cash to purchase likewise called the buying power equality falls. This may really have counter impact than what it ought to have, that is, sure, because of an ascent in GDP. Any approaches that control expansion may likewise bring down the business rate, in t his way accomplishing one target, yet clashing the other. The economy may likewise encounter collapse, which is negative expansion and which again brings down the business rate, and raises the joblessness rate. At that point there is the contention between the targets of financial development and natural insurance. With an end goal to move the creation boondocks outwards, governments may need to renounce the way that they are squeezing the effectively rare assets, and really may bring down the expectations for everyday comforts which are destinations in practically all economies and may likewise drain the rare assets in their push to develop. They may likewise compromise the manageability of the earth for a long time into the future. The third clash is between monetary development and swelling. Rising interest for products and enterprises may build the cost of yield as well as the cost on sources of info, for example, crude materials, vitality costs and wages. Thus this would prompt expanding swelling, and at times hyperinflation. China and India in 2010 confronted this sort of quickening expansion. Higher paces of expansion are additionally inconvenient to monetary development since they influence benefits, organizations and employments. Financing costs control the high paces of expansion and high loan costs really value the money and negatively affect sends out since they become costly on the worldwide market and their interest falls hence negatively affecting the development pace of the economy. The last clash is between equalization of installments and financial development. A higher GDP is accomplished when buyer request is generally high. Furthermore, this normally prompts an exacerbating of the parity of exchange particularly if the peripheral affinity to exchange is high. (Mankiw, 2000) Lastly, the advancement of the parity of installment circumstance can really help development in the economy, particularly by trades, yet may make another goal come up short, that is, it may prompt interest pull expansion in specific cases. (Mankiw, 2000) Governments likewise have direct command more than two of the economy’s macroeconomic approaches: financial and fiscal strategies. Financial approaches manage the economy’s spending plan and are overseen by the Legislative and Executive parts of the legislature. Money related arrangements are directed by the national bank of the economy or the Federal Reserve. Monetary approach is a methods by which government controls the economy by altering its spending and the assessment rate. When the

Gun Control

Gun Control Banning the Use of Guns Nov 20, 2018 in Persuasive Essay Pros of Banning Guns Today, I will focus on the controversial topic of banning the use guns. Over the years, the issue has been surrounded by many controversies where some people support the banning of guns while others oppose it. The prohibition of guns has pros and cons, but I will discuss the pros of banning guns. There are many pros of banning guns than the cons. Most of the gun massacres that take place use legal guns and those people that are licensed use guns for the wrong reasons. For example, in the United States about 30 years ago, three-quarters of the guns used to kill were obtained legally. The killers or drug dealers use the guns to defend themselves from arrest by the police officers. They also kill people who can give evidence in court about their dealings. The advocates of the pro-gun control are of the view that tougher gun laws should be enacted to prevent these crimes. In support of the idea, I propose that, the authorities in charge of guns should look at the past criminal records of the person before issuing a gun license. Those with a previous history of criminal activities should not qualify to own guns. In addition, a person who owns a gun should be held liable for all the activities carried out using the weapon. This will discourage people from obtaining licenses.

Children Support Agency Case Study - Free Essay Example

Children Support Agency Case Study Introduction The use and potential benefit to system developers is examined by use of the Semiotic Framework method in the case study information supplied regarding the Children Support Agency (CSA). Analysis of Semiotic Framework The framework as described by Kangassalo et al (1995) (1) refers to the work of Stamper (1987) (2) as it applies to information systems, and distinguishes the four levels of properties as empirics, syntactic, semantics, and pragmatics. This is likened to a semiotic ladder running from the physical world to the social (business) world. The semiotic framework consists of two main components, these being the human information functions and the IT platform considerations. These are both split to three sub-components. Social World, developer actives would be: To determine how best to match the negative responses of some staff to new technology with the high expectations of others, by designing a system which takes account of both To ensure the legal aspects such as compliance with the Data Protection Act (DPA) (2) are addressed. To ensure contractual information is protected in transmission. To meet the cultural standards held by those who work in an organisation whose purpose is to support disadvantaged young people. Issues are: Lack of computer literacy among some CSA staff, its status as a charity will probably restrict funding available for the system, feelings of protection for financial data versus lack of (apparent) concern voiced about personal data of vulnerable young people. The wish to accommodate training in IT for young people, without concern that this may lead to opportunities for any who have anti-social tendencies to affect the overall operation of the system by having access. The lack of realisation that todays young people in the age range 12 to 24, whether from a deprived or difficult family background may be conversant with the use of computers. _________________________ 1. Kangassalo et al, (1995), p 358. 2. Stamper et al, (1987), p 43-78. 3. Data Protection Act 1998. Pragmatics, developer activities would be: To attempt resolution between conflicting attitudes in conversation which were expressed about the value of the system, and consider capital and revenue funding for the new system. Issues are: To determine how the system would be supported, and responsibility for the support. Semantics, developer activities would be: To attempt to model the syntactic structures, which are by nature, the technical concerns, to the semantic which concern the world are matched, in a machine-independent manner. Issues are: Security concerns, which are people-related, with system issues, which are software dependent. Syntactics, developer activities would be: The formalisation of documentation of the system specification, and outline the programming requirements. This is the bridge between the conceptual and the formal rules governing system development. Issues are: The documentation may only be understood by the IT people who create the system Empirics, developer activities would be: To estimate the number of data fields required, their volume, the speed with which they require to be transmitted, and the overall performance as perceived by the user. Issues are: Limited information available, combined with inability of potential users to express these attributes. Physical World developer activities would be: To analyse of existing systems, networks, hardware and software. Estimation of storage and retention of data requirements, physical condition of room housing system equipment and communications, power supply, entrance restrictions to sensitive areas, policy on removal of media from buildings, printout handling, access by young people to IT equipment. Issues are: Replacement of existing communication links, introduction of encrypted traffic, offsite storage of backups, disaster recovery, software licences, fire detection and suppression, volumes of data transmitted and stored. To separate young peoples IT equipment. System requirements specification Hass et al (2007) (4) explains requirements analysis and specification as the activities involved in assessing information gathered from the organisation involved regarding the business need and scope of the desired solution. The specification is the representation of the requirements in the form of diagrams and structured text documents. Tan (2005) (5) describes the use of a rich picture as ‘a structural as opposed to a ‘pictorial description. It allows the practitioners to use any form of familiar symbols to depict activities and events, plus taking into consideration, conflicting views. The definition of a use case (Seffah et al 1999) (6) is a simplified, abstract, generalised use case that captures the intentions of a user in a technology and implementation independent manner. Use case modelling is today one of the most widely used software engineering techniques to specify user requirements. Dittrich et al, (2002) (7) suggest a new approach to developmen t they term ‘systems development as networking. They go on to suggest the key questions to ask is ‘How do systems developers recruit and mobilise enough allies to forge a network that will bring out and support the use of the system. Unified Modelling Language (UML) is described by Arrington and Rayhan (2003) (8) as a method, employing use case and activity diagrams for requirements gathering. They state that use case serves as a view of the overall use of the system, allowing both developers and stakeholders to navigate the documented requirements. _________________________ 4. Tan (2005), p67. 5. Seffah et al (1999), p21 6. Dittrich et al, (2002), p 311. 7. Arrington and Rayhan, (2003), p28. 8. Hass et al, (2007), p 4. Rich Picture People Activities Current system Future system Use Case Diagram See Appendix A Primary Scenario The likely outcome when the project specification is delivered is that the funding body will agree to the bid, but subject to some changes, which will reduce the overall cost. This will involve a degree of compromise in the design of the new system. Suggestions may be made to re-enter the Excel data and to delay the phasing out of the financial system. This would mean a phased project with an all-encompassing solution left to a later stage. The impact may be additional effort on the part of CSA staff. The system needs to be delivered in phases, with core functionality first. The successful delivery of core components will assist acceptance. A key component is the security of information stored and transmitted, as much of it is of a sensitive, personal nature. The protection of information will require conforming to the requirements of the DPA (1). Due to the number of area offices, with few staff, the data repository will require to be centralised, probably at HQ. This is for simplification of backups, which will require to be weekly full, stored offsite, and daily incremental with the last day stored on site. Communications between HQ and branches requires to be encrypted, and e-mail will require protected Internet access. Anti-virus, anti-spyware, anti-phishing and spam filtering software will be required, and a firewall introduced between the Internet-facing component and the main system. Rigid field input will be required to avoid erroneous numbers or characters. Menus will be restricted to selected functions and denied to others, and Admin level (privileged) control will be able to access all menus. The training for IT clients will need to be on a separate network segment from the main systems. Compatibility between the existing financial system and the new system will need to be established, and the system will require the capability to import Excel data. The system will be required to replace the functionali ty of the Excel data. Questions Developer questions to CSA staff: How much funding is available for the proposed system and who are the stakeholders? What facilities for computer systems exist at HQ: power, space, fire suppression, telecoms, operating staff, storage required, and records retained? Who will support the new system when delivered? What configuration does the finance system have: hardware, operating system, application software, network links, storage, number of users, support? Will staff time be available for training? Will only CSA staff use the new system and will they use it from home? Will there be allocation of CSA staff for user acceptance? Discussion of requirements analysis tools The usefulness of the semiotic framework is that it offers the system developer an insight into the attitudes and feelings of people who will use the proposed system. This aids the developer, in that he/she is more likely to pay attention to the human-computer interface (HCI) aspects of the system. This should, if properly delivered, make the new system easier to use, and consequently, be received with more enthusiasm, than might otherwise be the case. A key message that core aspects should be delivered first, rather than the full functionality required, may win more converts than might otherwise be the case. Also revealed by the use of the Semiotic Framework was the attitude of some of the staff, who sees the requirement for the new system as superfluous to their ‘real work, and consequently wish no contact with it as they are too ‘busy. This helps the developer, as it brings home the need for the employment of techniques to make the system simple to use and not forbidding in terms of error messages to may produce due to inexperience. What the round of interviews in the case study revealed was some conflicting attitudes among CSA staff. A key example was mention of the need for protection of financial information, but the requirement to protect personal data of clients of the CSA, some of whom may have criminal records, was not mentioned. Given that failure to protect this type of information could lead to more harm to the individual than any help they may receive from the CSA, this is cause for concern, and seems to indicate that some of the CSA staff have lost sight of the organisations mission in life. The interview process resulting in the case study report produced a lack of vital information any system developer would require to produce a workable system. Basic items were not uncovered. As an example there is no information on number of users, estimates of amount of data to be stored, how long it is to be retained, and wha t kind of systems are in use at the moment. The availability of capital and revenue information was not discovered, and it may well be that the funding will be dependent upon the proposed design in terms of capital and revenue costs to operate. The use of rich picture and case diagram illuminates the overall view of the required system, allowing the developer and the recipients of the system to see the whole picture and gain a better understanding of the likely finished product. It also simplifies the dependencies and collaboration required in a pictorial from which makes the ‘big picture easier to understand. The importance of the Semiotic Framework is that it helps shed light on areas which the developer, using traditional systems development methodologies, may neglect. It concentrates the mind on the human-computer interface required, and influences the design attributes which need to be built in, in order to gain user acceptability. Taking the step-wise approach down through the levels, brings home to the systems developer, the need to start with the social needs, which focuses on the human aspirations (or not) of the proposed system. Working through the Pragmatics is very revealing of the contradicting attitudes of the potential users in conversation, and should lead to the developer making compromises between technical elegance in the design and being able to obtain a favourable reaction from at least a majority of the eventual users. The scope of the system required to be developed has not been revealed during the case study, which impedes the ability of the developer to estimate size and nature of the hardware or software required. The Syntactic level assists the design in that it forces concentration on the logical handling of data input, with system response to incorrect entry, being handled not with abrupt error messages, but more friendly advice messages and suggestions on data re-entry. This tracks back to the importance o f human reaction learnt from the Social Word level. The software chosen should be influenced by the Pragmatics influence in that the choice should reflect the fact that the CSA is a charity, and both hardware and applications should be in the affordable range for an institution dependent upon charitable funding. The Empirics portion of the framework should include the estimation of required system performance, speed of telecommunications, volume of data to be stored, and response times of the system. In the CSA case study there is no information which can be used to project such requirements, so the developer would be required to utilise an educated guess, based only on the existing finance system, which could be measured, or practical experience. Some of the required information may be gathered by contact with whichever vendor delivered the existing finance system. The framework also draws attention to peripheral items, such as the Excel spreadsheet, which may well contai n valuable data, not subject to strict input criteria, and possibly not backed up. The Physical World portion of the framework focuses the developers mind on what will be acceptable to the users in terms of speed of response, the time and effort potentially to be saved, and the type of reporting of information capabilities of the system. It emphasises that there needs to be demonstrable benefits in the way of management information, and therefore capability to respond, which would otherwise have been unavailable. From a system developers point of view, this is probably the section he/she would feel most comfortable with, as it consists of tangibles, which can be translated into MIPS, baud rated, gigabytes, and other terms which IT developers are expected to be completely conversant with. Probably the most difficult aspect of the framework for the developer is the Semantics level. The reason for this is that it tends towards the abstract, and system developers as a breed , operate mostly in a practical, exact, measureable fashion. They act as a translator between the business requirements as expressed by the stakeholders and eventual users, and the technical people who deliver code, hardware and communications to realise the stated needs. The developer has to perform a balancing act between what is sometimes conflicting requirements and technical possibilities. This required the ability to converse with, and understand, both participants in the overall project to deliver the required system. The use of the Semiotic Framework leads the developer to address these issues and attempt to develop a clear understanding of the CSA business activities, as opposed to trying to force fit them into a prejudged idea of the system. The developer may reflect that the application of the Semiotic Framework forces undue attention on the people-related aspects of system engineering, to the detriment of a design which embodies good technical practice and the n ecessary protective aspects required complying with any legal implications. Against this, the aim of developers to attain elegance and efficiency in design may be meaningless to the users of the system, whose main concerns are to assist in the capture of information, its ease of retrieval and the management information it can produce. In short, how it can help improve the users work practices and make life easier for them. References Arrington, C.T., Rayhan, S.H., (2003), Enterprise Java with ULM, Second Edition, Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indiana, USA, p28. Clarke,S., Elayne, (2003), Socio-technical and human cognition elements of information systems, Idea Group Inc, p 8. GOOD Diagram. The Data Protection Act Available from: https://www.ico.gov.uk.what_we_cover/data_protection.aspx. Hass, K.B., et al, (2007), Getting it Right, Management Concepts, p 4. Kangassalo, H.,et al, (1995), Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases, IOS Press, p 358. Seffah, A. et al, (2005), Human-Centered Software Engineering –Integrating Usability in the Software, Springer, p 21. Stamper,R.et al, (1987, Critical Issues in Information Systems research, Wiley, Chichester, p 47-78. Tan, J.K., (2005), E-health Care Information Systems, John Wiley and Sons, p 67. Tipton, H.F., Krause, M., (2007), Information Security Management Handbook, Edition 6, CRC Press, p1290-186-587

This Literary Piece - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1055 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Did you like this example? The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Gilman is a short story of a young woman’s journal entries, who is seemingly mentally unstable. She shows symptoms of anxiety, depression, and â€Å"hysteria†. The narrator’s name is not definitive but is alluded to being Jane and for the sake of clarity in this essay, she will be mentioned as such. John, her husband, is a physician and believes she just needs to rest to be cured; he rents a mansion for 3 months in the summertime and puts her in the nursery. This literary piece is also known to be an early work of feminist literature. Themes exhibited in this short story include female oppression, insanity, naturalism, and modernism. In its time, this was also considered a horror story, but later it was reviled as a feminist work. This story is considered a work of naturalism but often brings to light some modernism qualities. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "This Literary Piece" essay for you Create order This text portrays naturalism quite clearly; Jane, as the wife, completely lacks free agency. While the husband, John, has complete agency. Jane’s environment is controlled by exterior powers and she cannot do anything about it. We also â€Å"discover the human by stripping away from civilization†(1890-1900 ppt). The wife in the story is controlled by fate because of her supposed mental illness, which if she is truly mentally ill, is a biological factor. Men had authority over woman at this point. Due to the futility of these unpleasant circumstances, she begins to focus on objects rather than her declining mental state. Jane writes in her journal that â€Å"I sometimes fancy that in my condition if I had less opposition and more society and stimulus—but John says the very worst thing I can do is think about my condition, and I confess it always makes me feel bad (Gilman, 4).† Jane believes if she were allowed to have outside contact, she would not be going mad. She notes that she cannot control her condition nor her environment which makes this a naturalist work. She projects her supposed mental instability onto the yellow wallpaper, rather than to keep it in her mind. John tells her not to think of her condition. This, of course, makes her feel worse when she does think of it because of how brainwashed she is by John. Jane believes that there is a woman in the wallpaper, but I believe it is her mind creating an image of the woman she wants to be. Jane, â€Å"[has] watched her sometimes away off in the open country, creeping as fast as a cloud shadow in a high wind (45).† The woman she sees is free to do what she wants. Jane fancies this woman because she has something she doesn’t: freedom. Creating this symbol in the story is key to show how men in this era oppressed women. Jane develops an obsession with the nurseries wallpaper. The nursery room is old, unkempt, and located in the top of the mansion. The windows in the room are barred, which gives it a prison-like quality. The wallpaper â€Å"color is repellant almost revolting a smoldering unclean yellow strangely faded by the slow turning sunlight† (8, Gilman). Being locked inside a room and forced to stare at the wallpaper, for her only real stimulus throughout the day, has caused her to start to go insane. John believes her to be hysterical and forces her to remain in the room. She begins to believe the wallpaper is alive, seeing movement and eyes. Jane claims to her husband that she sees women in the wallpaper. She believes that she has become one of the many women she now sees in the wallpaper. John, forbids his wife to leave the home due to her illness and states that all she needs to do is rest. This is an allusion to how the women of this era were allowed to do very little. This short story also displays characteristics of modernism, as it was written at the beginning of this literary era. Jane is alienated by society due to her husband, environment, and mind. This is partly because John believes she is not sick. Instead, he thinks she needs to rest so he locks her in an attic of his mansion. Jane struggles with anxieties which are manifested from her supposed mental illness and the subsequent â€Å"house arrest† she is placed under. Since Jane was sick, she felt her existence to be meaningless. Jane wants to find meaning in her life. She feels â€Å"that congenial work, with excitement and change, would do [her] good† (Gilman, 3). Jane is trapped inside her mind as well as an attic with no signs of escaping. Of course, this would drive any person to go mad! We must ask ourselves, as readers, if she was truly mentally unwell, to begin with or if the circumstances her husband placed her under have made her become mentally ill. In this era, science was known as fragments of the truth and ‘relative’. Since science was distrusted and Jane suffered from a â€Å"mental illness†, there was no explanation for her thoughts and actions. This made it impossible for her to get better. Jane’s husband and brother, who were both physicians, did not believe she had a mental illness. â€Å"My brother is also a physician, and also of high standing, and he says the same thing† (Gilman, 3). Mental illness was unknown, and society believed you were just â€Å"crazy†. At the end of the story, Jane still insists that there are women in the paper. She runs to the room and locks the door. While John tries to break in, she tells him exactly where the key is and simultaneously rips down the wallpaper. John finally breaks into the room and she says to him, Ive got out at lastAnd Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back! The husband faints, even though she thought he should not and was â€Å"right across my path by the wall so that I had to creep over him every time!† (55, Gilman). John does not recognize the severity of the illness that he has created. Her hallucinations manifest in the situation he has created for her and he realizes he no longer has control over her. She feels no longer trapped and can now thrive as a young woman.